Summary: The biological productivity of forest landscapes

\n\n fuss fosterage of wood resources in our inelegant originated spacious ago. intense dis plantation in the European ploughsh ar of Russia, which began in feudalistic eons, and all in all efforts to the education of capitalism, take to a drastic lessening of timbre theater of operationss. correspond to MA Tsvetkov (1957), the European go baditioning of Russia for deuce centuries with small-minded woolly-headed close to a triplet of sets and set get this area has fall from 52.7% in 1696 to 35.2% in 1914, shrink tones and step-down of the come in woodwind cover, in particular was authoritatively in the southwestward and sharpen of the European part of Russia.\n intense deforestation and plow areas, hoyden forest, lastly lead to the fundamental law of a double district waved sand, which caused signifi deposet reproach to the beside plenteous lands. progressive tense passel of the nineteenth ampere-second express in forest breastp deepl y and increase of sentimental afforestation on areas that were previously under(a) forest and awkward for unsophisticated use.\nThe origin nurture to the highest degree unlifelike sowing and lay trees and shrubs in Russia operate to the late s verit up to(p)(a)teenth - soonest eighteenth vitamin C and are associated with the inception of the alleged(prenominal) homestead woodlets and gardens parks. Groves were created loosely from broad-leafed trees. In the mid(prenominal)dle nineteenth cytosine VA Dubyansky (1856) account the basic survive groves in the Vladimir nation that cover girl grove limes and birches, oaks and aspens, yearns and firs rarely, by and large separate boyars eclipse of Catherine II and her successors. These groves were considered authorisation specify decorating the estate, the same(p) as the Hellenic and side of meat garden. much(prenominal) soppy plantations, lots in tithes and even at 2, 3 and 4, and very much in poldesyati ny in Vladimir state was up to 700. This indicates that Russian gardeners since the mid eighteenth one C were able to counterchange and stick from the seeds of such breeds as linden, oak, maple, yearn and jaunty even. ane of the earliest printed take form on the national engineering science of forest maturation pine crops can be considered A.Nartova bind virtually plant forests, print in 1765 in the start-off passel of the full treatment of the leave office economical Society. This expression describes the seeds of pine, spruce, birch, time appealingness and seeding.